This shot is used to give the viewer an idea of where the film is set. In this shot specifically, you can see it is in a concert hall.
Wide shot
This gives an overall view of the scene. Also emphasise a character.
Medium Close up
This allows you to observe the characters facial expressions whilst still noting the scenery and their attire.
Medium shot
This shows us her facial expressions as she is talking, but also clearly shows us body language, implying what she is doing with her arms is equally as important as what she is saying. For example, in this scene, the woman is clearly on the phone.
Close up
This type of shot allows us to clearly see the facial expression of the character, entirely disregarding his/her body language. This shot specifically shows us that he is tense, possibly scared or nervous after hearing or seeing something discomforting.
Extreme close up
This type of shot emphasis a key thing in the scene, only capturing that. Usually it holds some form of emotional value, attempting to make us feel something, like zooming in on a tear drifting down somebodies face, and this shot is of a finger on the trigger of a gun, thus giving a sense of anxiety, discomforting the audience.
Two shot
This shot is more or less self explanatory, with it containing two people, usually in the midst of conversation.
Over the shoulder
The over the shoulder shot is taken just over somebody's shoulder, generally not focusing on them, but the person talking to them. It usually adheres to the 180 degree rule, mainly focused on the person speaking at the current moment.
Point of view shot
This shot shows you exactly what the shot's protagonist is seeing. Right now he is reading a score with a note on it.
High angle shot
The high angle shot is a shot taken from a high angle, normally suggesting the person it's focusing on is not the person in power - the camera is looking down on said person. This shot represents that well, as the context behind him it is he has just found out that there is a sniper in the audience threatening to kill him if he makes a mistake.
Low angle shot
Opposed to the high angle shot, the low angle shot implies power, as the camera is looking up the person, as in this scene, the lead role in the orchestra is obviously the pianist, showing he is of higher status than the others in the shot.
Tilted
This is a little harder to represent with pictures, but tilt is where the camera either starts at the top of the scene/shot and finishes at the bottom, or vice versa.
Pan
Pan is where the camera rotates around the subject matter.
Tracking
A tracking shot is where the camera follows the subject matter for a period of time, as in this scene, the camera follows the man towards his friend, who then hugs him, always staying behind the protagonist.
The foreground and background is an important part of mis-en-scene and setting the overall mood for a scene, and this is a good example of it. In the foreground we're seeing two men in cowboy hats, also known as cowboys, drinking alcohol, and supporting this is the background where one can see a dart board and a bulls head. Dart boards are commonly found in bars, and the bulls head is giving us a texan cowboy sort of feel.
Additionally to this, there is the rule of thirds. The rule of thirds is simply splitting the frame into thirds, and the outcome looking something like this.
With this, one can position the subject matter of a shot to make the scene feel more dynamic and less like a Facebook profile picture.
This rule, however can be broken; under certain circumstances having the subject matter in the centre of the frame can show a deeper understanding of the rule of thirds, however it is not to be abused.
Depth of field is the front to back range of the focus, more specifically how much of an image is focused, and in deep focus, the foreground, middle ground and background is in focus, like in this shot.
With this, there is also shallow focus, where only a small portion of the shot is focused.
This keeps the audience focused on the more important thing in the shot.
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